Ngo-Okthoba 10 (ngesikhathi sendawo), uMongameli wase-US uTrump wamemezela inqubomgomo enkulu: kusukela ngoNovemba 1, kuzobekwa intela eyengeziwe engu-100% kuzo zonke izimpahla ezingenisiwe ezivela eShayina ngaphezu kwamanani entela akhona, kufakwe imikhiqizo yendwangu efana nentambo ngaphandle kokukhetha. Uma ihlanganiswe namanani entela ekhona eSigabeni 301, izinga lentela eliphelele leminye imikhiqizo yentambo lidlule u-50%, liphinde kabili izindleko zamabhizinisi zokuthumela e-US.
Ngokwezibalo zemboni, uma ama-oda ase-US elahleka ngezinga elikhulu, kuzothinta u-2.5% wemali engenayo iyonke yemboni yendwangu yasekhaya yaseShayina, futhi amandla okukhiqiza amancane naphakathi nendawo angase abhekane nengozi yokumiswa.
Le nqubomgomo iphinde yabangela izingxoxo ezishisayo phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi. Abantu abaningi basho ngokungagwegwesi ukuthi “i-US idala zonke izinhlobo zobunzima eShayina kodwa ayikwazi ukubekezelela izinyathelo zokumelana ezivela kwabanye.” Kubathengisi bemingcele, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwentela sekuyinto evamile, okwenza kube yisiphuthume ukwandisa izimakethe ezahlukahlukene nokugwema izingozi ezizodwa.
Ingabe uTrump uzimisele kulokhu?
Umbiko we-New York Times ngomhlaka-10 uveze ukuthi izinga lamanje lentela yase-US ezimpahleni zaseShayina selifinyelele ku-30%, kanti kweminye imikhiqizo, liphakeme nakakhulu. Isinyathelo sikaTrump sizokhuphula intela yokungenisa impahla yaseShayina ibe ngaphezu kuka-130%, okubonisa ukwanda okukhulu kokungezwani phakathi kwezomnotho ezimbili ezinkulu emhlabeni. Ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, ngemuva kokwenyuka kwentela kaningi ohlangothini lwase-US, izinga lentela elibekwe eShayina lase lifinyelele ku-145%, cishe lamisa iningi lokuhweba phakathi kwamazwe amabili. Kamuva, iShayina ne-US bafinyelele esivumelwaneni sokuthula ngentela yokukhuthaza izingxoxo zokuhweba, kancane kancane behlisa intela ibe ngu-30%. Ukuphinda kuqaliswe usongo lwentela kohlangothi lwase-US kulokhu kuzobhubhisa impumelelo etholakale kanzima ngezingxoxo eziningi zezomnotho nezokuhweba phakathi kweShayina ne-US.
Izwe langaphandle liqaphele ukuthi imiphumela emibi yokuvalwa kukahulumeni wase-US njengamanje iyaqhubeka nokuvela, kanti uTrump, osevele ekhungathekile, usanda kwehluleka emzamweni wakhe wokuthola uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel. Abanye abahlaziyi bezindaba base-US bathi phakathi kwezinkinga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle kanye nokunganeliseki okukhulu, isinyathelo sikaTrump sokudalula intukuthelo yakhe ngemithetho emisha yaseShayina singase sibe umzamo wokuphazamisa ukunaka kwasekhaya.
Kodwa-ke, usongo olungazelelwe lokwenyusa izinga lentela eShayina ngo-100% lwenze umbono womphakathi wase-US wakuthola “kungakholeki.” Ukuthi lesi sibalo esibonakala sihlanya sizosetshenziswa ngempela noma singenye nje yamaqhinga kaTrump avamile okuxoxisana sekuyinto eyinkinga phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlangothi.
Izindlela Zokumelana NeShayina: Indlela Enezinhlangothi Ezimbili Ngomhlaba Ongajwayelekile Nokuthuthwa Kwasolwandle
Kusukela ngosuku olwandulelayo kuze kube usuku lapho uTrump ememezela khona ukwenyuka kwentela, iShayina yayisethule ngokuqinile izindlela ezimbili zokulwa nokucindezeleka kwezentengiselwano zase-US.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kokulawulwa Komhlaba Ongavamile
Ngomhlaka-9 Okthoba, uMnyango Wezohwebo waseShayina wakhipha isaziso, esingagcinanga nje ngokuqinisa ukulawulwa kokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo eyisisekelo yomhlaba ongavamile kodwa futhi sahlanganisa nobuchwepheshe bokumba umhlaba ongavamile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucwengisisa kanye nemishini eyinhloko emkhakheni wemikhawulo yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okokuqala. Njengoba umhlaba ongavamile uyizinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibalulekile emikhakheni yokukhiqiza ehlakaniphile kanye namandla amasha, lesi sinyathelo sizothinta ngqo ukuzinza kwezimboni ezifanele kanye neziteshi zokuhlinzeka e-US.
Izinyathelo Zokumelana Ezihambisanayo Ezokuthutha Zasolwandle
Ngomhlaka-10 Okthoba, uMnyango Wezokuthutha waseShayina wamemezela ngasikhathi sinye ukuthi kusukela ngomhlaka-14 Okthoba, kuzokhokhiswa imali eyengeziwe yokugibela imikhumbi enefulegi lase-US engena emachwebeni aseShayina, kanti izinga lokukhokhisa lizolingana ngokuphelele nezimali ezazibekwe yi-US ngaphambilini emikhunjini yaseShayina. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ukuhweba olwandle phakathi kweShayina ne-US kubalwa ngaphezu kuka-70% wenani eliphelele lokuhweba phakathi kwamazwe amabili. Lesi sinyathelo sizokhulisa ngqo izindleko zezinkampani zokuthumela zase-US, sibaphoqe ukuthi bahlole kabusha izindleko zokuthutha zokuhweba neShayina, futhi ngokungaqondile kusize amabhizinisi athumela kwamanye amazwe athola amandla engeziwe okuxoxisana.
Ukuphula Izithiyo Ezintathu: Amabhizinisi E-Yarn Aqala Impi Yokuvikela Ukusinda Kwawo
1. Ukuphambukisa Imakethe: Izimakethe Ezisafufusa Zithatha Ama-oda ase-US
Njengoba ibhekene nezithiyo zentela emakethe yase-US, izimakethe ezisafufusa njengeNingizimu Melika ne-Afrika seziba “izindawo eziphephile” zamabhizinisi endwangu. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi isidingo sokungenisa izimboni zokuthunga zaseBrazil zendwangu ezisontekile zaseShayina ezisontekile kanye nezindiza zomoya sikhuphuke ngo-12% minyaka yonke, kanti ukuncika kwezinkampani zendwangu zasekhaya zase-Argentina ezindwangu zaseShayina ezithengeni kudlula u-60%. IShandong Weiqiao ihlanganyele ngokuphuthumayo eMbukisweni Wendwangu waseBrazil i-GTS futhi yafinyelela i-oda elihlosiwe lamaRandi ayizigidi ezimbili ngosuku lokuqala. “Amakhasimende aseNingizimu Melika ayazisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, futhi intengo yendwangu yethu ngethani iphansi ngo-8% kuneyemikhiqizo efanayo evela eNdiya, okuyinzuzo yethu eyinhloko.”
Izimakethe eziseduze "neBelt and Road" kanye naphakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP nazo zinamandla amakhulu. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2025, ukuthunyelwa kwentambo eShayina eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kukhuphuke ngo-9.3%. Ngaphansi kohlaka lwe-RCEP, ama-82% ezinhlobo zentambo angajabulela ukwehliswa kwentela noma ukukhululwa. Ngemva kokuba amabhizinisi efake izicelo zezitifiketi zokukhetha zemvelaphi, intela yokungenisa eCambodia ingancishiswa kancane kancane isuka ku-15% iye ku-zero, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuncintisana kwemakethe.
2. Ukuthuthuka Komkhiqizo: Izindwangu Ezinenani Eliphezulu Zimelana Nezingozi
Ezindaweni zokusebenzela zokukhiqiza, imigqa yokukhiqiza yezintambo ezilwa namagciwane kanye nezizwa zipholile kanye nezintambo eziqhuba ukushisa ze-graphene zisebenza ngokugcwele. Lolu hlobo lwentambo olusebenzayo lunezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu, futhi noma intengo ilungiswa ngenxa yentela, amakhasimende ase-US angamukela ukwenyuka kwentengo okufika ku-30%. Esikhathini esizayo, ukutshalwa kwezimali okwandayo kwe-R&D emikhiqizweni yentambo yezingubo zangaphandle kanye nezindwangu zezokwelapha kuzoba “yinqaba” yamabhizinisi yokumelana nezingozi zentela.
Izitayela zemboni nazo ziqinisekisa lesi siqondiso. Ngo-2025, isidingo somhlaba wonke sezintambo ezinobungani nemvelo sizokhula ngo-15%, kanti isikhala sekhwalithi ephezulu sezintambo ezihlakaniphile kanye nezintambo eziphinde zasetshenziswa siphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili-kathathu kunesemikhiqizo evamile. Kulindeleke ukuthi isabelo semakethe sezintambo ezisezingeni eliphezulu sizofinyelela ku-35% ngo-2030, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kube yisihluthulelo samabhizinisi ukuthi adlule ebunzimeni.
3. Ukuthobela Uchungechunge Lokunikezwa Kwempahla: Ukugwema Inkundla Yezimayini "Yokuhlanza Impahla Yasekuqaleni"
Amanye amabhizinisi akhetha ukudlula eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ukuze anciphise izindleko zentela, kodwa izingozi zokuthobela imithetho azinakwa. Ibhizinisi lentambo eZhejiang lake lanqunywa yi-US Customs njengelivela eShayina ngoba lenza ukusika nokuthunga eCambodia kuphela ngaphandle kokudlulisela inqubo yokukhiqiza, okwaholela ekukhuphukeni okungazelelwe kwamaphuzu angu-27.5 entela. Ngemva kokulungiswa, ibhizinisi ladlulisela inqubo yokweluka intambo endaweni yasendaweni, futhi ngesitifiketi semvelaphi saseCambodia esihambisanayo, izinga lentela lehliswa laba ngu-25.6%.
“Ubuchwepheshe be-Blockchain buxazulula inkinga yokulandeleka kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla,” kusho ochwepheshe bemboni. Ngokubeka izinto kulolu chungechunge ukuze kuboniswe yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi sangempela, ingozi yokukhwabanisa okuvela kuyo ingagwenywa ngempumelelo. Njengamanje, amabhizinisi ayi-6 ahamba phambili e-Fujian asebethole ukuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngempahla okubonakalayo.
I-Industry Dawn: Amathuba Amasha Emakethe YamaRandi Ayizigidi Eziyizigidi Ezingu-43
Nakuba imakethe yase-US ibhekene nokushaqeka, amandla aphelele emakethe yentambo yomhlaba wonke ahlala ekhona. Usayizi wemakethe yentambo yomhlaba wonke uzofinyelela ku-$43 billion ngo-2025, kanti iphethini lapho i-Asia ibiza khona ngaphezu kuka-60% ayishintshi. I-China National Textile and Apparel Council incoma ukuthi amabhizinisi asebenzise ukwakheka kwemigqa emibili: ngaphakathi, ahlole izimo ezihlukanisiwe njengezingubo zezemidlalo nezindwangu zezokwelapha ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo sabathengi basekhaya; emhlabeni wonke, asebenzise i-e-commerce ewela imingcele ukwakha izinhlobo ze-DTC (Direct-to-Consumer) futhi afinyelele ngqo kumakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle.
“Izindleko eziphoqelela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kungenzeka zingabi yinto embi,” kusho abahlaziyi be-General Administration of Customs. Ezigabeni ezintathu zokuqala zika-2025, inani lezicelo zamalungelo obunikazi zasekhaya zezintambo ezihlakaniphile lenyuke ngo-47% unyaka nonyaka. “Umthamo ophelele wokusekela uchungechunge lwezimboni lwezintambo zaseShayina useyinzuzo eyinhloko engenakushintshwa yiNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Uma nje kutholakala indlela efanele, amathuba amasha angathathwa esimweni esishintshayo.”
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-14-2025