Izinga lokukhula kwempahla e-US njengamanje liphansi kakhulu emlandweni, futhi ikota yokuqala ka-2024 kulindeleke ukuthi ingene ekugcwaliseni kabusha okusebenzayo. I-United States isingene esigabeni sokugcwaliseka kabusha, ingakanani indima eqhubayo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe yiShayina?
UZhou Mi, umcwaningi e-Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation yoMnyango Wezohwebo waseShayina, ukholelwa ukuthi umthelela wokuvuselelwa kabusha kwempahla e-United States ekuthunyelweni kwempahla e-China kwamanye amazwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-United States inyuse ukusetshenziswa kwempahla yasekhaya uma kwenzeka ukwanda komnotho, okunye kwalokhu kusetshenziswa kungeniswa kusuka eShayina, okunye kungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, futhi ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwempahla yasekhaya e-United States ngeke kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuthunyelweni kwempahla e-China. Ngenxa yokuthi i-United States manje ihlukanisa imithombo yayo yokuhlinzeka ngezohwebo, isabelo seShayina emakethe yokungenisa impahla e-United States sisabalale ngezinga elithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvela nasekulungisweni kwesakhiwo sezimboni sase-United States. Enkambisweni yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza e-United States, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezengeziwe kanye nezimpahla eziphakathi kudingeka zingeniswe, okushintshe isimo sokungenisa imikhiqizo yokugcina. I-China ingenye yabakhiqizi ababaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni bezimpahla eziphakathi, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwempahla yaseShayina kungasiza ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni namabhizinisi afanele e-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iShayina inenzuzo ehamba phambili emhlabeni yokuncintisana kwemikhiqizo ethile eluhlaza, okuhlanganisa amandla amasha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa ikhabhoni ephansi, okuzohlinzeka ngendima ebaluleke kakhulu yokusekela i-United States ekugcwaliseni kabusha impahla yayo kanye nokulungisa isakhiwo sayo samandla.
UNi Yueju, umcwaningi e-Institute of World Economics and Politics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, uthe umphumela oshukumisayo wokuvuselelwa kwe-US ekuthunyelweni kwe-China uthinteka yisilinganiso sokuthunyelwa kwe-China kanye nokuqina kwesidingo sase-US. Ngokomlando, imikhiqizo enesabelo esiphezulu e-China ikhula ngokushesha; Lapho amandla okubuyiselwa kwe-US e-US emakhulu, isilinganiso sokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwe-China e-US kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene siphezulu. Nakuba isabelo sokuthunyelwa kwe-China kwemikhiqizo e-US e-US sehlile ngenxa yomthelela wokungqubuzana kwezohwebo phakathi kwe-Sino-US, i-China iseyinkampani ezintathu eziphezulu ezithumela i-US kwamanye amazwe. Ukwehla okukhulu kwesabelo sokuthunyelwa kwe-China e-United States kugxile emikhiqizweni ebiza kakhulu, kanti izinzuzo zendabuko zase-China azithinteki kangako, okubalwa ngesilinganiso esiphezulu, njengemboni elula, izingubo, izimpahla ezincane, imishini nemishini, izinto zasekhaya nefenisha. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukudonswa komjikelezo wamanje wokuvuselelwa kwempahla ekuthunyelweni kwe-China kungase kugxile ochungechungeni lwezindlu ezifana nezinto zasekhaya nefenisha; Insimbi, imishini kanye nolunye uchungechunge lokwakha izakhiwo; Izingubo, izindwangu kanye neminye imikhakha yochungechunge lwabathengi.
ULi Hongbing, uprofesa eSikoleni Sezomnotho Nokuphathwa kweYunivesithi Yeposi Nezokuxhumana yaseBeijing, ukholelwa ukuthi lapho i-United States ingena esigabeni sokugcwalisa kabusha, ohlangothini lokuphakelwa, isabelo esiphezulu semikhiqizo yaseShayina, izinga lokukhula livame ukuba likhulu; Ohlangothini lokufunwa, lapho ukuphinda kufakwe kabusha kwe-United States kunamandla, izinga lokukhula elimaphakathi lokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo eya e-United States liphezulu. Emijikelezweni emibili edlule yemijikelezo yokugcwalisa kabusha e-United States, isikhathi sika-2020-2022 siwumjikelezo oqinile wokugcwalisa kabusha, izinga lokukhula kokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukaniswe nge-HS yaseShayina eya e-United States lingu-5.7%, kanti isikhathi sika-2016-2018 siwumjikelezo wokugcwalisa kabusha obuthakathaka, kanti isikhungo singu-1.3% kuphela Ngaphansi komjikelezo wokugcwalisa kabusha obuthakathaka, kunomehluko omncane ezingeni lokukhula lokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo eya eShayina eya eChina, futhi kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya umthelela ohlangothini lokufunwa.
Isabelo sokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla e-China e-United States sehlile, kodwa isilinganiso semikhiqizo encintisanayo sisaphezulu. Kusukela ngoNovemba 2023, isabelo se-China sokungeniswa kwezimpahla e-US sehle sisuka ku-22% ngo-2018 saya ku-14%, sibuyele ezingeni lika-2006. Noma kunjalo, i-China ingenye yabathengisi abathathu abaphambili base-US, ngemuva kweMexico neCanada. Ukungqubuzana kwezohwebo phakathi kwe-Sino-US yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwesabelo, kodwa akukwazi ukuchaza konke, ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla e-China e-United States okungeyona eyentela kusesephezulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kuka-2018, i-United States yabeka intela eyengeziwe e-China ngamaqoqo amane, futhi imikhiqizo enokwehla okukhulu kwesabelo sokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla e-China e-United States yayigxile emikhiqizweni enentela ephezulu, kanti imikhiqizo engeyona eyentela ethunyelwe e-United States yafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu elisha futhi ayithintekanga kangako. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isabelo sempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kweShayina e-United States sihlobene kahle nesidingo sokungenisa impahla ngaphandle kwe-United States, futhi lapho isidingo sokungenisa impahla ngaphandle kwe-United States sibuya, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kweShayina nakho kungalungiswa ngezinga elithile. Izinzuzo zokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kweShayina e-United States zigxile embonini elula, izingubo, izimpahla ezincane, imishini nemishini, izinto zasekhaya kanye nefenisha.
Umthombo: Izindwangu zaseShayina
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-25-2024