Selokhu uthuli lwaphela ngemva kokhetho lwase-US, intela yokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe ingenye yezinkinga ezikhathaza kakhulu abantu abaningi abasebenzisa izindwangu.
Ngokusho kweBloomberg News, amalungu eqembu likaMengameli omusha wase-US muva nje asho engxoxweni yocingo ukuthi azobeka intela efanayo neyaseShayina kunoma yiziphi izimpahla ezidlula echwebeni laseQiankai.
I-Qiankai Port, igama abantu abaningi abangazijwayele, kungani abantu bekwazi ukulwa kangaka? Hlobo luni lwamathuba ebhizinisi akhona emakethe yezindwangu ngemuva kwaleli chweba?
Ichweba laseChankai
Itholakala ogwini lwasePacific entshonalanga yePeru, cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-80 ukusuka enhloko-dolobha iLima, leli chweba liyichweba lemvelo elijulile elinobubanzi obungamamitha angu-17.8 futhi lingaphatha imikhumbi emikhulu kakhulu yezitsha.
I-Qiankai Port ingenye yamaphrojekthi abalulekile e-Belt and Road Initiative eLatin America. Ilawulwa futhi yathuthukiswa amabhizinisi aseShayina. Isigaba sokuqala sale phrojekthi saqala ngo-2021. Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe mithathu yokwakhiwa, i-Qiankai Port isiqalile ukubonakala, okuhlanganisa izindawo ezine zokubeka imikhumbi, ezinobubanzi bamanzi obungamamitha angu-17.8, futhi ingamisa imikhumbi emikhulu kakhulu ye-TEU engu-18,000. Umthamo wokuphatha oklanyelwe u-1 million ngonyaka maduze nje kanye nama-TEU ayizigidi ezingu-1.5 esikhathini eside.
Ngokusho kohlelo, ngemva kokuqedwa kwechweba laseQiankai lizoba yichweba elibalulekile eLatin America kanye "nesango laseNingizimu Melika eliya e-Asia."
Ukusebenza kwechweba laseChankai kuzonciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuthuthwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa eNingizimu Melika ziye emakethe yase-Asia kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-35 kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-25, kunciphisa izindleko zokuthutha. Kulindeleke ukuthi lilethe imali engenayo yonyaka engu-$4.5 billion ePeru futhi lidale imisebenzi eqondile engaphezu kuka-8,000.
IPeru inemakethe enkulu yezindwangu
EPeru nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane aseNingizimu Melika, ukubaluleka kwechweba elisha lamanzi ajulile asePacific ukunciphisa ukuthembela emachwebeni aseMexico noma eCalifornia nokuthumela izimpahla ngqo emazweni ase-Asia-Pacific.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China ePeru kuye kwanda ngokushesha.
Ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-10 zalo nyaka, ukungenisa nokuthumela kweShayina ePeru kufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingama-254.69, okuwukwenyuka okungu-16.8% (okufanayo ngezansi). Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto nezingxenye ezisele, omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha nemishini yasendlini kukhuphuke ngo-8.7%, 29.1%, 29.3% kanye no-34.7%, ngokulandelana. Esikhathini esifanayo, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yaseLoumi ePeru kwakungama-yuan ayizigidigidi eziyi-16.5, okwenyuka ngo-8.3%, okubalelwa ku-20.5%. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezindwangu nezingubo kanye nepulasitiki kukhuphuke ngo-9.1% kanye no-14.3%, ngokulandelana.
I-Peru icebile nge-ore yethusi, i-lithium ore kanye nezinye izinsiza zamaminerali, futhi kunomphumela oqinile ohambisanayo embonini yokukhiqiza yaseShayina, ukusungulwa kwechweba laseQiankai kungadlala kangcono le nzuzo ehambisanayo, kulethe imali engenayo eningi kubantu bendawo, kwandise izinga lomnotho wendawo kanye namandla okusebenzisa, kodwa futhi nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kokukhiqiza eShayina ukuvula ukuthengisa okwengeziwe, ukuze kufezwe isimo esizuzisa wonke umuntu.
Ukudla, izingubo, izindlu kanye nezokuthutha njengezidingo eziyisisekelo zabantu, intuthuko yezomnotho yendawo, izakhamuzi zendawo ngokwemvelo ngeke ziswele isifiso sezingubo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ngakho-ke ukusungulwa kwechweba laseQiankai nakho kuyithuba elikhulu embonini yezindwangu yaseShayina.
Ukuheha kwemakethe yaseNingizimu Melika
Umncintiswano wanamuhla wemakethe yezindwangu usungene ekushiseni okumhlophe, ngaphezu kokukhula okusheshayo kwamandla okukhiqiza, kunesinye isizathu ukuthi ukwehla kokukhula komnotho womhlaba wonke, ukwanda kwesidingo kunqunyelwe, wonke umuntu uncintisana emakethe yamasheya, bese kuvulwa izimakethe ezisafufusa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwakhiwa okuhlangene kwe-“Belt and Road” kufinyelele imiphumela eminingi, emkhakheni wezindwangu, ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla minyaka yonke kweShayina eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nakwamanye amazwe asafufusa kukhula ngokushesha, futhi iNingizimu Melika ingaba “ulwandle oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” olulandelayo.
INingizimu Melika ingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-7,500 ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-17.97, ihlanganisa amazwe angu-12 nesifunda esisodwa, inabantu abayizigidi ezingu-442, inemithombo yemvelo ecebile, futhi kunezindlela eziningi ezihambisanayo nemboni yaseShayina kanye nesidingo. Isibonelo, kulo nyaka, iShayina ingenise inani elikhulu lenyama yenkomo evela e-Argentina, okwacebisa kakhulu itafula lokudlela lezakhamuzi, kanti iShayina idinga nokungenisa inani elikhulu lesoya kanye ne-iron ore evela eBrazil minyaka yonke, kanti iShayina iphinde inikeze inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yezimboni kubantu bendawo. Esikhathini esidlule, lokhu kuthengiselana kwakudinga ukudlula ePanama Canal, okwakudla isikhathi futhi kubiza kakhulu. Ngokusungulwa kweQiankai Port, inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwezimoto kule makethe nayo iyashesha.
Uhulumeni waseBrazil umemezele ukuthi uhlose ukutshala imali engaba yizigidigidi ezingu-4.5 zamaRandi (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-776) ukukhuthaza uhlelo lokuhlanganiswa kweNingizimu Melika, oluzosetshenziselwa ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwengxenye yasekhaya yephrojekthi yesitimela se-Ocean ezimbili. Lolu hlelo lugxile kumaphrojekthi ezokuthutha emigwaqweni nasemanzini esikhathini esifushane, kodwa luhlanganisa amaphrojekthi esitimela esikhathini eside, kanti iBrazil ithi idinga ukubambisana ukwakha izitimela ezintsha. Njengamanje, iBrazil ingangena ePeru ngamanzi futhi ithumele kwamanye amazwe ngechweba laseCiancay. Isitimela saseLiangyang sixhumanisa uLwandlekazi iPacific ne-Atlantic, ubude obuphelele obungaba amakhilomitha angu-6,500 kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okungamaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingu-80. Lo mzila uqala echwebeni lasePeru laseCiancay, udlule enyakatho-mpumalanga udlule ePeru, eBolivia naseBrazil, futhi uxhumeka nomzila wesitimela ohleliwe waseMpumalanga-Ntshonalanga eBrazil, futhi uphela empumalanga ePuerto Ileus ogwini lwase-Atlantic.
Uma umugqa usuvuliwe, esikhathini esizayo, imakethe enkulu eNingizimu Melika izokwazi ukusabalala phakathi neChankai Port, ivule umnyango wezindwangu zaseShayina, futhi umnotho wendawo ungaletha intuthuko ngalo moya wasempumalanga, futhi ekugcineni wakhe isimo esizuzisa wonke umuntu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-09-2024