Ngomhlaka-11 Januwari, uhlelo lwesi-9 lwe-Economic Daily lwabika nge-Hubei, futhi lwaqala isihloko esithi “Ukuvuselela Izimboni Zendabuko Ezizuzisayo – I-Hubei yenza ucwaningo ngokudluliselwa kwemboni yezindwangu nezingubo zasogwini”. Gxila e-Hubei ukuze ibambe iphethini entsha yentuthuko kanye nemboni yezindwangu nezingubo zasogwini ukuze idlulisele amathuba ezifundeni eziphakathi nezisentshonalanga, futhi ikhuthaze ngamandla imboni yokukhiqiza izingubo ibe sezingeni eliphezulu, ehlakaniphile, neluhlaza okotshani. Nansi umbhalo ogcwele:
Imboni yezindwangu nezingubo iyimboni eyisisekelo ehlobene nokuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonke. Njengemboni yendabuko ezuzisayo, imboni yezindwangu nezingubo yaseHubei inomlando omude, isisekelo esiqinile kanye nezici ezihlukile, kodwa intuthuko yezimboni nayo ibhekane nesikhathi esiphansi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokudluliselwa kwamabhizinisi ezindwangu nezingubo zasogwini ezwenikazi, iHubei ingenise amathuba amasha okuvuselela imboni yezindwangu. Ingabe iHubei ingalibamba leli gagasi lezitayela ezintsha namathuba?
Ngokuguqulwa nokuvulwa, imboni yezindwangu nezembatho ithuthuke ngokushesha ezindaweni ezisogwini njengeGuangdong, Fujian kanye neZhejiang. Kusukela ngawo-1980, abantu baseHubei beze ezindaweni ezisogwini ukuzozinikelela embonini yezingubo, futhi ngemva kwezizukulwane eziningana zokuqongelela, baphume ezweni labo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ethintwe yizici ezifana nezinto zokusetshenziswa, izindleko zabasebenzi, kanye nokulungiswa kwenqubomgomo yezimboni, amabhizinisi amaningi ezindwangu nezingubo zasogwini athuthela ezwenikazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani elikhulu labasebenzi bezimboni baseHubei babuyela eHubei, okunikeza ithuba "lokuqala kwebhizinisi" embonini yezingubo yaseHubei. IHubei ibheka kakhulu isimo sokuqashwa kwabantu ababuya eHubei, yabeka uhlelo lokuvuselela imboni yezindwangu nezingubo eHubei, yahlela futhi yakha amapaki amaningi ezindwangu nezingubo nezindawo zokuqoqa, futhi yathatha inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi okukhiqiza izindwangu nezingubo asuka ezindaweni ezisogwini.
Banjani laba bathuthi? Liyini ithemba lentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemboni yezindwangu nezingubo yaseHubei? Izintatheli zeza eJingmen, eJingzhou, eTianmen, eXiantao, eQianjiang nakwezinye izindawo ukuzohlola ukuvuselelwa kwemboni yezindwangu nezingubo yaseHubei.
Ukwenza ukudluliselwa kokuzethemba
Uma sikhuluma ngokufanele, uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundazwe zasogwini, kukhona ukushiyeka ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezindwangu nezembatho eHubei. Ngokuphathelene namandla ezisebenzi, imali engenayo ephezulu yezifundazwe zasogwini ikhanga kakhulu izisebenzi ezinekhono eliphezulu, okwakha ukuncintisana okusobala kwamakhono neHubei; Ngokuphathelene nochungechunge lwezimboni, yize umkhiqizo wendwangu nendwangu eHubei uhamba phambili ezweni, kunokuntuleka kwamabhizinisi okucubungula izinto ezifana nokunyathelisa nokudaya nokunikeza amabhizinisi afana nezesekeli zomphezulu, ikakhulukazi ukuntuleka kwamabhizinisi amakhulu, futhi uchungechunge lwezimboni alukapheleli. Ngokuphathelene nendawo kanye nemakethe, izindawo zasogwini ezifana neGuangdong neFujian zinezinzuzo eziningi zokuqhathanisa kwezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce eziwela imingcele kanye neminye imikhakha.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinzuzo eziningi ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezindwangu nezingubo eHubei. Ngokombono wesisekelo sezimboni, imboni yezingubo iyimboni yendabuko enenzuzo eHubei, enesistimu ephelele nezigaba eziphelele. IWuhan ibilokhu iyisikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke embonini yezindwangu eCentral China. Ngokombono womkhiqizo, ngawo-1980 nango-1990, lapho iHanzheng Street njengendawo yokuzalwa, iqembu lemikhiqizo yezingubo zesitayela saseHan njenge-Aidi, abantu ababomvu, kanye nabantu beCat laduma ezweni, lihambisana nesikole saseHangzhou kanye nesikole saseGuangdong, kanti i-"Qianjiang Tailor" nayo iyisibonakaliso segolide seHubei. Ngokombono wezimo zethrafikhi, iHubei itholakala enkabeni yesakhiwo sedayimane yezomnotho yaseShayina, uMfula iYangtze ugeleza, imigqa yezokuthutha empumalanga-ntshonalanga, enyakatho-ningizimu ihlangana eWuhan, kanti i-Ezhou Huahu Airport, isikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke sezimpahla e-Asia, sesivuliwe. Lezi zinzuzo ziyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kweHubei kwemboni yezindwangu nezingubo.
“Ngokombono wentuthuko, ukudluliselwa kwemboni yezindwangu nezembatho kuyisinqumo esingenakugwenywa ngokuhambisana nemithetho yezomnotho.” UXie Qing, iphini likamongameli omkhulu we-China Textile Industry Enterprise Management Association, uthe namuhla, izindleko zomhlaba kanye nabasebenzi ezindaweni ezisogwini zikhuphuke kakhulu kunangesikhathi esidlule, futhi intuthuko yemboni yezindwangu nezembatho yaseHubei inomlando omude futhi inesisekelo sokwenza ukudluliselwa kwezimboni.
Njengamanje, imboni yokukhiqiza izingubo iqhubekela phambili ibheke ezingeni eliphezulu, elihlakaniphile neliluhlaza okotshani, izimakethe zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ziye zashintsha kakhulu, futhi isakhiwo somkhiqizo kanye nemakethe yokuthengisa yemboni yezindwangu nezembatho yaseShayina nayo ishintshile. Imboni yezindwangu nezembatho yaseHubei isabela ngenkuthalo ezinguqukweni emakethe, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthambekela kwemakethe ukuze kuvuseleleke umfutho.
“Esikhathini esizayo, amathuba embonini yezindwangu nezembatho yaseHubei adlula izinselelo.” USheng Yuechun, iphini likahulumeni weSifundazwe saseHubei kanye nelungu leqembu eliholayo leQembu, uthe iHubei ibhale imboni yezindwangu nezembatho njengenye yezinkampani eziyisishiyagalolunye ezisafufusa zezimboni. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2022, imboni yezindwangu nezembatho yaseHubei inamabhizinisi ayi-1,651 angaphansi komthetho, afinyelela imali engenayo yebhizinisi engama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-335.86, ebekwe endaweni yesihlanu ezweni, futhi edlala indima enhle ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala, ukuvuselela isidingo sasekhaya, ukuthuthukisa amathuba emisebenzi kanye nokwandisa imali engenayo.
Kwikota yesine ka-2022, ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 kanye nokulungiswa kwezinqubomgomo zezimboni eGuangdong, inani elikhulu labasebenzi abanamakhono abavela eHubei babuyela eHubei. Ngokusho kwempendulo ye-garment Fashion Industry Association yeHubei Chamber of Commerce eSifundazweni saseGuangdong, kunabantu ababalelwa ku-300,000 ababandakanyeka ekucubungulweni kwezingubo “esigodini saseHubei” eGuangdong, kanti cishe u-70% wabasebenzi babuyela eHubei ngaleso sikhathi. Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi u-60% wabantu abangu-300,000 “esigodini saseHubei” bazohlala eHubei ukuze bathole umsebenzi.
Ukubuya kwabasebenzi abanamakhono kunikeza ithuba lokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezingubo yaseHubei. Esifundazweni saseHubei, laba basebenzi abafudukayo abayona nje inkinga ephuthumayo yokuqashwa edinga ukuxazululwa, kodwa futhi banamandla asebenzayo okuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Kulokhu, iKomidi Leqembu Lesifundazwe saseHubei kanye nohulumeni wesifundazwe bakubeka ukubaluleka okukhulu kukho futhi babambe imihlangano eminingana ekhethekile ukuze batadishe izinyathelo zokwenza ukudluliselwa kwezimboni nokukhuthaza intuthuko yemboni yezingubo nezembatho. USheng Yuechun wahola futhi wengamela imisebenzi eminingi efana nomhlangano wokuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe bezingubo nezembatho kanye nesithangami sochwepheshe embonini yezingubo nezembatho yesimanje ukuze bathole imibono, baxazulule izinkinga, baguqule inkinga ibe yithuba, futhi badwebe umdwebo wokuqalisa kwesibili kwemboni yezingubo yaseHubei.
Isiqondiso sokuhlanganiswa kokuncintisana esihlukile
Ukuze kuthathwe futhi kuthathwe ithuba labasebenzi bezimboni ababuyela edolobheni lakubo futhi kukhuthazwe ukuguqulwa okuphelele kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezingubo, iSifundazwe saseHubei sikhiphe Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lweminyaka Emithathu Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezindwangu Nezingubo Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu eSifundazweni saseHubei (2023-2025), sikhomba isiqondiso sentuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yezindwangu nezingubo.
“Uhlelo” lusho ngokusobala ukuthi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa iphethini entsha yentuthuko kanye nethuba lemboni yezindwangu nezingubo zasogwini lokuthuthela ezifundeni eziphakathi nezisentshonalanga, ukunamathela esiqondisweni sesayensi nobuchwepheshe, imfashini, kanye nentuthuko eluhlaza, ukunaka ukwanda kwezinhlobo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, nokudala izinhlobo, nokulwela ukulungisa amabhodi amafushane nokwenza amabhodi amade.
Eqondiswa yi-"Plan", iHubei yenze izinhlelo ezithile zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezingubo. USheng Yuechun uthe ngakolunye uhlangothi, zonke izindawo kufanele zigxile ezinzuzweni zezimboni, zenze ukukhuthazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali okunembile, zikhuthaze ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhambisana nazo, futhi ziqinise ukwethulwa kwamabhizinisi aholayo, imikhiqizo eyaziwayo kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha zebhizinisi; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sidinga ukuhola ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha, sizisekele eqinisweni, futhi sisebenzise futhi siqalise izinhlelo eziningi zokuthuthukisa izimboni, ucwaningo lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, kanye namaphrojekthi okuqinisa uchungechunge.
Ukwethulwa "koHlelo" ngokungangabazeki kuzokwengeza omunye umlilo ekuguqulweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezingubo ezweni lonke. Umuntu oyinhloko ophethe iTianmen City uthe ngobuqotho: "Imboni yezindwangu nezingubo iyimboni yendabuko yaseTianmen, futhi ukunaka okukhulu kweKomidi Leqembu lesifundazwe kanye nohulumeni wesifundazwe kuye kwanezela ukuzethemba kwesinyathelo esengeziwe edolobheni ngalinye."
Umuntu oyinhloko ophethe uMnyango Wezomnotho Nolwazi waseHubei uthe: “Ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi omuhle ekubuyiseleni amabhizinisi ezindwangu nezingubo futhi kusekelwe intuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu embonini yezingubo, iJingzhou, iTianmen, iXiantao, iQianjiang nezinye izindawo eziningi zethule izinqubomgomo nezinyathelo ezinokuqukethwe kwegolide okuphezulu kanye nokuhloswa okuqinile.”
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuvela ochungechungeni lwemboni noma ekuhlukanisweni kwezingubo, imboni yezingubo inezigaba ezahlukene. Ukugxila ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezingubo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zeSifundazwe saseHubei kuhlukile, futhi intuthuko ehlukanisiwe yochungechunge lonke kanye nezigaba eziningi emadolobheni ahlukahlukene esifundazweni kungagwema ukuhlangana kanye nokuncintisana okuphansi, kukhuthaze indlela yokuhlukanisa kanye nokubambisana, futhi kuvumela indawo ngayinye ibe "nesikhundla sayo esiyinhloko".
I-Wuhan, njengenhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe, ijabulela ezokuthutha ezilula, inani elikhulu lamakhono, kanye nezinzuzo ezivelele ekuklanyweni kwezingubo, ukuhweba ngezimpahla, ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. UWang Yuancheng, ilungu leQembu Lobuholi Beqembu kanye nephini likaMeya we-Wuhan Municipal People's Government, uthe: “I-Wuhan iqinisa ukubambisana ne-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, i-Wuhan Textile University kanye namanye amandla ochwepheshe ekuklanyweni kwemikhiqizo, ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo. Ngokuhlakulela amaphuzu amasha okukhula, sizosebenza kanzima ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezindwangu ezisebenzayo, izindwangu ezintsha zezingubo kanye nezindwangu zezimboni ukuze sithuthukise ukuncintisana kwezingxenye zezindwangu nezezingubo.”
Isikhungo sokuthengisa impahla bukhoma saseHankou North Clothing City Phase II siyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokuqoqana kwezinsizakalo zezingubo zaseHan eCentral China. UCao Tianbin, umongameli weHankou North Group, wethule ukuthi isikhungo njengamanje sinamabhizinisi ezingubo angu-143, okuhlanganisa abathengisi bezinsizakalo abangu-33, abathengisi bezinsizakalo ze-e-commerce abangu-30, amabhizinisi amabili e-e-commerce awela imingcele, kanye namaqembu okusakaza bukhoma angu-78.
– EJingzhou, izingubo zezingane sezibe yindawo ebalulekile embonini yezingubo zasendaweni. Engqungqutheleni Yokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezindwangu Nezingubo yaseShayina ka-2023 eyayibanjelwe eJingzhou, kwasayinwa amaphrojekthi endwangu nezingubo angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-5.2 zama-yuan ngaleso sikhathi, kwavunyelwana ngokutshalwa kwezimali okungaba yizigidigidi ezingu-37 zama-yuan. IJingzhou iphinde yadlala izinzuzo zayo zendabuko emkhakheni wezingubo zezingane nezingane ukuze yakhe idolobha legolide lobuntwana.
– “I-Qianjiang Tailor” ingenye yezinhlobo eziyishumi eziphezulu zezinsizakalo zabasebenzi eShayina. Ngokuphathelene nokucubungula izingubo, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza eQianjiang abambisene nezinhlobo eziningi zezingubo; imboni yamabhulukwe abesifazane yaseXiantao ehamba phambili ezweni, idolobha elidumile laseShayina lamabhulukwe abesifazane laseMaozui litholakala lapha; iTianmen inethemba lokuthuthuka emkhakheni wezohwebo lwe-e, futhi isungule uhlobo lwezingubo lwesifunda “izingubo zaseTianmen”…
Inhlanganisela yezinyathelo zokunciphisa izindleko
Ipaki iyindawo ebonakalayo yokwenza ukudluliselwa kwezimboni, okungaqoqa izimboni ezihlobene esifundeni futhi kwakheke izinzuzo ezinkulu. "Uhlelo" luhlongoza ukuqondisa ohulumeni bendawo ukuthi bagxile ezinzuzweni nasezimfanelweni zezimboni, bahlele ukwakha amapaki abalulekile, futhi bathuthukise ikhono lokwenza. Phakathi kwabo, iXiantao, iTianmen, iJingmen, iXiaogan kanye neminye imboni yezingubo yaseGuangdong.
E-Xiantao City Maozui Town clothes industrial Park, umugqa wokukhiqiza ohlakaniphile we-workshop yokukhiqiza usebenza ngendlela ehlelekile. Esikrinini sekhompyutha, ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingubo emgqeni wokuhlanganisa kuqoshwa ngokuningiliziwe. “Le paki ihlanganisa indawo engama-mu angu-5,000, enamamitha-skwele angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.8 ezimboni ezijwayelekile kanye namabhizinisi ahlobene nezingubo angaba ngu-400,” kusho unobhala weqembu ledolobha laseMaozui uLiu Taoyong.
Ukubalwa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza kuyinkinga eyinhloko yokusinda kwebhizinisi. Izinqubomgomo zokukhetha kuqala, ukunciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhiqiza zamabhizinisi, kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile kohulumeni kuzo zonke izigaba eHubei ukuheha amabhizinisi ezingubo ukuthi abuyele esimweni sawo.
Izindleko zomhlaba ziyingxenye eyinhloko yokubalwa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza amabhizinisi, intengo yomhlaba eshibhile iyinzuzo enkulu yeHubei uma iqhathaniswa nezifundazwe ezithuthukile ezisogwini. Ukuze kusekelwe kakhulu intuthuko yamabhizinisi athuthayo esigabeni sokuqala sokuhweba, ukusetshenziswa kukahulumeni kokunciphisa intela yebhizinisi kwamabhizinisi ahlala ezindaweni zezimboni cishe kuyinto “ebalulekile” ezinqubweni ezethulwe ezweni lonke.
“UXiantao ubheka imboni yezindwangu nezingubo njengemboni eyinhloko.” IXiantao City, umuntu ophethe kakhulu, uthe iXiantao City izohlangabezana nezimo zamabhizinisi okukhiqiza izingubo, ngokuya ngobukhulu bezimali zonyaka zebhizinisi zokuxhasa irenti yebhizinisi iminyaka emi-3.
Izinqubomgomo ezifanayo nazo ziyafika eQianjiang, kusho inhloko ye-Qianjiang Zhonglun Shangge clothing manufacturing Co., LTD., u-Liu Gang etshela izintatheli: “Njengamanje, inkampani eqashe lesi sitshalo inezibonelelo, ukufuduka kwamabhizinisi nakho kunezinqubomgomo ezikhethekile, ngakho-ke ‘ekhaya’ futhi akusebenzisanga mali eningi.”
Izindleko zokuthutha zamabhizinisi ezingubo azinakwa. Njengoba kwakungekho mphumela wesilinganiso ngaphambili, izindleko zokuthutha zaziyinkinga okwakudingeka amabhizinisi ezingubo eHubei agxile kuyo. Unganciphisa kanjani izindleko zokuthutha eHubei? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, qoqa amabhizinisi okukhiqiza ukuze anikeze izinkampani zokuthutha lula ukuqoqa ngokushesha amaphasela asheshayo nokusabalalisa izinto; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukumisa amabhizinisi ezimpahla ukuze ahlinzeke ngenqubomgomo kanye nezinsiza lula zamabhizinisi.
Uhulumeni wenze imizamo emikhulu ezingxoxweni nezinkampani zezokuthutha. Umuntu oyinhloko ophethe iTianmen City wabala i-akhawunti eya kuntatheli: “Ngaphambilini, amabhizinisi ezingubo eTianmen ayebiza ngaphezu kwama-yuan amabili, ngaphezu kweGuangdong.” Ngemva kwezingxoxo zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, izindleko zezokuthutha zeTianmen zehlisiwe ngesigamu, ngisho nangaphansi kwentengo yeyunithi yezokuthutha eGuangdong.”
Ukuze kuqaliswe izinqubomgomo, ukuqaliswa kuyisihluthulelo. Umuntu oyinhloko ophethe uMnyango Wezomnotho Nolwazi waseHubei uthe iHubei isebenzise ngokujulile indlela yokusebenza "yobude beketanga + uchungechunge olukhulu + ukudalwa kweketanga" futhi yenza izinhlelo eziphelele zokukhuthaza intuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu yemboni yezindwangu nezingubo. IHubei yakhe futhi yakha uhlelo lokukhushulwa oluholwa abaholi bezifundazwe, oluqondiswa yiminyango yezifundazwe, olusekelwa amaqembu ochwepheshe, futhi olusetshenziswa amaqembu omsebenzi akhethekile. Isigaba somsebenzi esikhethekile siholwa uMnyango Wezomnotho Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi Wesifundazwe saseHubei, ngokubamba iqhaza kweminyango eminingi ukuhlanganisa nokuxazulula izinkinga ezinkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni. Ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezingubo kuyanda eJingchu.
Izinqubomgomo zokukhetha amabhizinisi
Amabhizinisi ayindikimba eyinhloko yemisebenzi yokukhiqiza nokusebenza, futhi angamandla amasha okuguqula nokuthuthukisa imboni yezingubo yaseHubei. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuzabalaza ngaphandle, abanikazi bamabhizinisi amaningi ezingubo aseHubei banesifiso sokubuyela edolobheni lakubo kanye nekhono lokuthuthukisa idolobha lakubo.
ULiu Jianyong ungumuntu ophethe iTianmen Yuezi Clothing Co., LTD., osebenze kanzima eGuangdong iminyaka eminingi futhi wakha isitshalo sakhe sokukhiqiza. NgoMashi 2021, uLiu Jianyong wabuyela edolobheni lakubo eTianmen wasungula iYue Zi Clothing Company.
“Isimo sasekhaya singcono.” Isimo esikhulunywe nguLiu Jianyong, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibhekisela endaweni yenqubomgomo, kanye nochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo ezenza uLiu Jianyong akhululeke kakhudlwana; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isisekelo semboni yezingubo sikaTianmen sihle.
Abaholi bamabhizinisi abaningana bathi izinqubomgomo zokukhetha ziyisici esibalulekile ekudonseleni labo ukuba babuyele emakhaya ukuze bathuthuke.
I-Qidian Group ingumkhiqizi wezingubo omele eTianmen, owahlukanisa ingxenye yebhizinisi layo neGuangzhou ukuze ithuthukiswe eTianmen ngo-2021. Njengamanje, iQembu lisungule izinkampani eziningana ezihlobene nokukhiqiza izingubo, ezibandakanya ukuhlinzekwa kwezesekeli ezingaphezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo, ukuthengiswa kwe-e-commerce kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla okusheshayo.
“Ama-oda abelokhu eqhubeka ngezikhathi ezithile eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi izindleko zokugcina impahla kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi eGuangzhou ziphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa kukhulu.” UFei Wen, inhloko yenkampani, utshele izintatheli, “Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inqubomgomo yeTianmen yasishukumisa, futhi uhulumeni wabamba nengqungquthela eGuangzhou ukuze ahehe utshalomali futhi ahlanganyele ngenkuthalo namabhizinisi.” Phakathi “kokucindezela nokudonsa”, ukubuyela ekhaya kube yisinqumo esihle kakhulu.
ULiu Gang wabuyela edolobheni lakubo ukuyoqala ibhizinisi ngenye indlela - abantu bendawo kanye nabanye abantu bendawo. Wasebenza eGuangzhou ngo-2002 njengomthungi. “Ngabuyela eQianjiang ngisuka eGuangzhou ngoMeyi 2022, ngicubungula kakhulu ama-oda epulatifomu ye-e-commerce ewela imingcele.” Ibhizinisi belilokhu lihle selokhu labuya, futhi ama-oda azinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinqubomgomo ezikhethekile edolobheni lakithi, ngakho wangeluleka ukuthi ngibuyele emuva ngiyosebenza ndawonye.” ULiu Gang uthe ngemuva kokuqonda isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwekhaya elincane elibuyela ekhaya, wathatha isinyathelo sokuthatha lesi sinyathelo sokubuyela ekhaya.
Ngaphezu kwendawo yenqubomgomo, umndeni nawo uyisici esibalulekile esithinta ukubuyela kwabo emakhaya. Uphenyo lwentatheli luthole ukuthi phakathi kwababuyile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangosomabhizinisi noma abasebenzi, iningi labo “lingemva kweminyaka engu-80″, ngokuyisisekelo lisesimweni sobudala nesincane.
ULiu Gang wazalwa ngo-1987, etshela izintatheli, “Manje izingane zisesikoleni samabanga aphansi, abazali sebekhulile. Ukubuyela ekhaya kungenxa yezizathu zomsebenzi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye nokunakekela abazali nezingane ngakolunye uhlangothi.”
Amabhizinisi afana namahansi asendle, anquma indawo yokuqashwa kwabasebenzi basezimbonini. ULi Hongxia uyisisebenzi sokuthunga esivamile, oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala ukusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho ukuze asebenze, manje eseneminyaka engu-40. “Ngemuva kwayo yonke le minyaka, anginaso isikhathi sokunakekela umndeni wami. Amabhizinisi amaningana ezingubo abuye ukuze andise amathuba emisebenzi edolobheni lakithi, futhi mina nomyeni wami saxoxa ngokubuyela emsebenzini, kodwa futhi nokunakekela asebekhulile nezingane. Njengamanje, ngithola cishe ama-yuan ayi-10,000 ngenyanga.” kusho uLi Hongxia.
Imiphumela isiqala ukukhombisa umfutho omkhulu
Njengamanje, imboni yezindwangu nezingubo eHubei yakha kancane kancane uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka futhi ishintsha ngokujulile uchungechunge lwezimboni ngendlela yokuthuthukiswa "kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, imfashini noluhlaza", ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lwenani kanye nokufezwa kwentuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu yemboni. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zenqubomgomo, imboni yezindwangu nezingubo eHubei ibonise izinguquko ezinhle.
Izinga lokuhlanganiswa kwezimboni liye lathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe ekuqongeleleni kwangaphambilini, umphumela wokuthuthukiswa kwe-agglomeration weqembu lezimboni zezingubo zaseHubei usobala. I-Wuhan, i-Jingzhou, i-Tianmen, i-Xiantao, i-Qianjiang nezinye izindawo zakhe isilinganiso esithile sendawo yokuhlanganiswa kwezingubo. Kuvele amadolobha amaningi adumile ezimbonini njenge-Hanchuan, iDolobha elidumile lokukhiqiza izingubo eShayina, iDolobha laseCenhe, idolobha elidumile lamabhulukwe abesifazane eShayina, iDolobha laseMaozui, kanye neDolobha laseTianmen, isizinda sokubonisana embonini yezingubo e-commerce eShayina.
E-Tianmen, isisekelo sokukhiqiza izingubo zangempela zehhashi elimhlophe siyakhiwa. UWang Zhonghua, usihlalo weBaima Group, uthe: “Njengamanje, ukuqasha nokuthengisa izitshalo zenkampani kuhle, futhi eziningi zazo sezithengisiwe.”
Ukuze kuqalwe ukubambisana okuphezulu nokwesibili kanye nokwangaphambili ekuthuthukiseni imboni yezingubo yaseHubei, kuncike ezinzuzweni zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinzuzo zethalente, iHubei Huafeng Supply Chain Company kanye nezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo eziyisishiyagalolunye eHuangshi, eJingzhou, eHuanggang, eXiantao, eQianjiang, eTianmen nakwezinye izindawo. UQi Zhiping, usihlalo weHubei Huafeng Supply Chain Co., Ltd. wethule: “IHuafeng chain iyaqhubeka nokwenza imizamo yokuguqula nokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwedijithali oluhlakaniphile lwezimboni zendabuko, ihlole ukusetshenziswa okusha kwezimo zedijithali, ithuthukise izinga lokuphathwa kwesikhathi sangempela kwepulatifomu yedatha yebhizinisi, futhi ithuthukise ikhono lokusetshenziswa kwedijithali lemboni yendwangu nezingubo yaseHubei.”
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha sekuyinto eyinhloko eqhuba intuthuko. I-Wuhan Textile University iyona kuphela inyuvesi evamile eShayina eqanjwe ngezindwangu, enezici ezihlukile zomkhakha wezindwangu nezembatho, futhi inezikhungo eziningi zocwaningo nentuthuko zikazwelonke ezifana ne-State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials kanye ne-Advanced Processing Technology eyakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela yiminyango yesifundazwe neyongqongqoshe. Ithembele ezinsizeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu, i-Wuhan Textile University idlala indima yezikhungo "zokudala uchungechunge", ikhuthaza ukufika kokusungula izinto ezintsha zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, futhi ikhonza intuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu yomkhakha wezingubo. "Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, i-Wuhan Textile University izokwenza ucwaningo oluhlangene nolusebenzisanayo ngobuchwepheshe obuvamile obubalulekile namabhizinisi afanele ukukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuguqulwa nokusetshenziswa kwempumelelo yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe." UFeng Jun, iphini likamongameli we-Wuhan Textile University.
Yiqiniso, ukwenza ukudluliselwa kwezimboni ngeke kube lula, futhi kusenezinkinga eziningi zokuhlola ukuhlakanipha, isibindi kanye nokuphikelela kohulumeni namabhizinisi kuzo zonke izigaba eHubei.
Ukuntuleka kwabasebenzi kuyinkinga esheshayo. Ukuncintisana kwabasebenzi abavela ezindaweni ezisogwini akukabi yinto engabalulekile. “Sinama-oda, kodwa asinawo amandla.” Njengoba kunenqwaba yama-oda, ubunzima bokuqasha abasebenzi benza uXie Wenshuang, umuntu ophethe ukuhola ukukhiqiza ukuhlakanipha kweShang, abe nenkinga enkulu. Njengesikhulu sikahulumeni ojwayelekile, iMeya yeDolobha laseXiantao City Sanfutan uLiu Zhengchuan aqonde isidingo esiphuthumayo samabhizinisi, “ukuntuleka kwabasebenzi kuyinkinga ebonakaliswa amabhizinisi ngokuvamile, esizama ukuyixazulula.” ULiu Zhengchuan waqasha amabhasi angu-60 edolobheni nasesifundazweni esilandelayo ukuze “aphange” abantu, “kodwa lokhu akusona isisombululo sesikhathi eside, akusizi ngalutho ekuthuthukisweni okuhlelekile kwemboni, isinyathelo sethu esilandelayo ukuya ezifundazweni ezisogwini, sithuthukise okuqukethwe kwegolide kwemisebenzi esifundazweni.”
Ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo kusebenza isikhathi eside. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezisogwini, iHubei ayinazo izinhlobo zezingubo ezizimele ezinomsindo, futhi izinga lezimboni liphansi. Amabhizinisi amaningi adumile okucubungula izingubo zomkhiqizo wasekhaya eHubei, eXiantao njengesibonelo, ukukhiqizwa nokucubungula izingubo kwamanje kusamele kwenziwe ama-oda e-OEM, amabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-80% awanawo uphawu lokuhweba, uhlobo olukhona luncane, luhlakazekile, luhlukahlukene. “Ikhwalithi yezingubo ezenziwe eQianjiang inhle, futhi asibi kabi kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ukwakha uphawu oluvelele kuyinqubo yesikhathi eside,” kusho uLiu Sen, unobhala-jikelele weQianjiang Textile Industry Association.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinzuzo zokuqhathanisa izindawo ezisogwini nazo ziyizibhebhe ezimfushane okudingeka iHubei izilungise. Enye imininingwane engase yembule isimo sengqondo sokulinda nokubona sosomabhizinisi mayelana nentuthuko yemboni yezingubo edolobheni lakubo ukuthi izinkampani eziningi azihoxi ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezisogwini, kodwa zigcina amafektri azo kanye nezisebenzi lapho.
Kunzima ukudlula iphasi, futhi umgwaqo omude. Ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezingubo eHubei kuyaqhubeka, uma nje izinkinga ezingenhla zixazululwa, kuzoba nezingubo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezweni kanye nasemhlabeni wonke.
Imithombo: I-Economic Daily, Ulwazi Lwezimboni lwaseHubei, Inethiwekhi
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-22-2024