Ekupheleni kuka-2023, umkhuba wamanani okuthutha amakhonteyina washintsha ngendlela ethokozisayo. Kusukela ekwehleni kwesidingo kanye namanani okuthutha abuthakathaka ekuqaleni konyaka, kuya ezindabeni zokuthi imizila kanye nezindiza bezilahlekelwa yimali, yonke imakethe ibonakala sengathi yehla. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngoDisemba, imikhumbi yabathengisi ihlaselwe oLwandle Olubomvu, okwaholela ekuphambukeni okukhulu kweCape of Good Hope, kanye namanani okuthutha emizileni yaseYurophu naseMelika akhuphuke kakhulu, aphindeka kabili cishe ezinyangeni ezimbili futhi akhuphukela phezulu okusha ngemuva kobhubhane, okuvule isandulela esigcwele imfihlakalo kanye nezimanga emakethe yokuthumela ngo-2024.
Uma sibheke phambili ku-2024, ukungezwani kwezepolitiki, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukungalingani kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesidingo, umbono wezomnotho kanye nezingxoxo zokuvuselela abasebenzi base-United States East ILA, izinto ezinhlanu eziguquguqukayo zizothinta ngokuhlanganyela ukuthambekela kwesilinganiso sempahla. Lezi zinto eziguquguqukayo ziyizinselele kanye namathuba azonquma ukuthi imakethe izoqala yini omunye umjikelezo wezimangaliso zokuthumela.
Izinkinga ezihambisanayo eSuez Canal (ehlanganisa cishe amaphesenti ayi-12 kuya kwangu-15 okuhweba olwandle emhlabeni wonke) kanye nePanama Canal (amaphesenti ama-5 kuya kwangu-7 okuhweba olwandle emhlabeni wonke), okuhlangene okuhlanganisa cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yokuhweba olwandle emhlabeni wonke, kubangele ukubambezeleka kanye nobunzima bomthamo, okwandisa amazinga okuthutha impahla. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kunyuka akushukunyiswa ukukhula kwesidingo, kodwa amandla omthamo kanye namazinga aphezulu okuthutha impahla. Lokho kungakhuthaza ukwehla kwamandla emali, futhi i-European Union ixwayise ngokuthi amazinga aphezulu okuthutha impahla anganciphisa amandla okuthenga futhi enze buthaka isidingo sokuthutha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imboni yokuthumela amakhonteyina yamukela inani elikhulu kakhulu lomthamo omusha, futhi ukuphakelwa ngokweqile kwamandla kuya ngokuya kuba kubi. Ngokusho kwe-BIMCO, inani lemikhumbi emisha elethwa ngo-2024 lizofinyelela ku-478 kanye ne-3.1 million TEU, ukwanda ngo-41% unyaka nonyaka kanye nerekhodi elisha lonyaka wesibili olandelanayo. Lokhu kuholele uDrewry ekubikezeleni ukuthi imboni yokuthumela amakhonteyina ingalahlekelwa ngaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-10 kulo lonke u-2024.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga engazelelwe eLwandle Olubomvu ilethe ushintsho embonini yemikhumbi. Le nkinga ibangele ukwenyuka okukhulu kwamanani empahla futhi yanciphisa amandla amaningi. Lokho kuvumele ezinye izindiza kanye nabathumeli bempahla ukuthi baphefumule. Umbono wenzuzo yezinkampani ezifana ne-Evergreen kanye ne-Yangming Shipping uthuthukile, kanti isikhathi senkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu sizoba nomthelela omkhulu emananini empahla, amanani kawoyela kanye namanani, okuzothinta ukusebenza kwekota yesibili yemboni yemikhumbi.
Abahlaziyi abaphezulu abaningana embonini yezokuthutha izitsha bakholelwa ukuthi iYurophu ithintwe yingxabano yaseRussia ne-Ukraine kanye nenkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu, ukusebenza komnotho akukuhle njengoba bekulindelekile, futhi isidingo sibuthakathaka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umnotho wase-US kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele endaweni ethule, futhi abantu bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa imali, okwenza izinga lokuthutha lase-US lisekelwe, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi libe yimbangela eyinhloko yenzuzo yezindiza.
Njengoba kunezingxoxo ezijulile zenkontileka entsha yenkontileka yesikhathi eside yomugqa wase-United States, kanye nokuphela kwenkontileka ye-ILA Longshoremen e-United States East kanye nengozi yesiteleka (inkontileka ye-ILA-International Longshoremen's Association izophelelwa yisikhathi ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, uma izikhungo kanye nezinkampani zemithwalo zingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, zilungiselele isiteleka ngo-Okthoba, izikhungo zemithwalo zase-United States East naseGulf Coast zizothinteka), ukuthambekela kwamanani emithwalo kuzobhekana nezimo ezintsha. Nakuba inkinga yoLwandle Olubomvu kanye nesomiso sasePanama Canal kuholele ekushintsheni kwemizila yokuhweba ngemikhumbi kanye nohambo olude, okwenza izinkampani zemithwalo zandise amandla okubhekana nezinselele, izinhlangano eziningana zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinkampani zemithwalo ngokuvamile zivumelana ngokuthi izingxabano zezwe kanye nezici zesimo sezulu kuzosiza ukusekela amanani emithwalo, kodwa ngeke kube nomthelela wesikhathi eside emananini emithwalo.
Uma sibheka phambili, imboni yemikhumbi izobhekana nezinselele ezintsha namathuba amasha. Njengoba kunomkhuba wokwenyusa imikhumbi, ubudlelwano bokuncintisana nokubambisana phakathi kwezinkampani zemikhumbi buzoba nzima kakhulu. Ngesimemezelo sokuthi iMaersk neHapag-Lloyd bazokwakha umfelandawonye omusha, iGemini, ngoFebhuwari 2025, umjikelezo omusha wokuncintisana embonini yemikhumbi usuqalile. Lokhu kulethe izinguquko ezintsha emkhubeni wezindleko zempahla, kodwa futhi kuvumela imakethe ukuthi ibheke phambili ekusaseni lezimangaliso zemikhumbi.
Umthombo: Inethiwekhi Yokuthumela
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-19-2024