Njengoba isimo oLwandle Olubomvu sishisa, imikhumbi eminingi yezitsha idlula umzila weRed Sea-Suez Canal ukuze idlule iCape of Good Hope, futhi amazinga okuthutha impahla e-Asia-Europe kanye nokuhweba kwe-Asia-Mediterranean aphindwe kane.
Abathumeli bashesha ukufaka ama-oda kusenesikhathi ukuze banciphise umthelela wesikhathi eside sokuhamba besuka e-Asia beya eYurophu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokubambezeleka kohambo lokubuyela emuva, ukunikezwa kwemishini yezitsha ezingenalutho esifundeni sase-Asia kuncane kakhulu, futhi izinkampani zokuthumela zikhawulelwe "ezinkontilekeni ze-VIP" eziningi noma abathumeli abazimisele ukukhokha amazinga aphezulu okuthutha impahla.
Noma kunjalo, akukabikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi wonke ama-container alethwe esiteshini azothunyelwa ngaphambi koNyaka Omusha WaseShayina ngomhlaka-10 kuNhlolanja, njengoba abathwali bezokhetha ngokukhethekile imithwalo yempahla ethengiswayo enamanani aphezulu futhi bahlehlise izinkontileka ezinamanani aphansi.
Amanani kaFebhuwari angaphezu kuka-$10,000
Ngesikhathi sendawo se-12, i-US Consumer News and Business Channel ibike ukuthi uma ukungezwani kwamanje oLwandle Olubomvu kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kulapho umthelela omkhulu ekuthunyelweni kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele, izindleko zokuthunyelwa kwempahla zizophakama kakhulu. Isimo sokufudumala oLwandle Olubomvu sinomthelela omkhulu, sinyusa amanani okuthunyelwa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngokwezibalo, ezithintwe yisimo oLwandle Olubomvu, amazinga okuthutha amakhonteyina kweminye imizila yase-Asia-Europe akhuphuke cishe ngo-600% muva nje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kulungiswe ukumiswa komzila waseLwandle Olubomvu, izinkampani eziningi zokuthumela imikhumbi zishintsha imikhumbi yazo isuke kweminye imizila iye e-Asia-Europe kanye nemizila yase-Asia-Mediterranean, okubangela ukuba izindleko zokuthumela zikhuphuke kweminye imizila.
Ngokusho kombiko kuwebhusayithi yeLoadstar, intengo yendawo yokuthumela impahla phakathi kweShayina neNyakatho Yurophu ngoFebhuwari yayiphezulu kakhulu, ingaphezu kuka-$10,000 ngesitsha esingamamitha angu-40.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkomba yendawo yezitsha, ebonisa isilinganiso samazinga okuthutha impahla yesikhathi esifushane, iqhubekile nokwenyuka. Ngesonto eledlule, ngokusho kwe-Delury World Container Freight Composite Index WCI, amazinga okuthutha impahla emigwaqweni yaseShanghai-Northern Europe akhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-23 kuya ku-$4,406 /FEU, akhuphuke ngamaphesenti ayi-164 kusukela ngoDisemba 21, kanti amazinga okuthutha impahla yesikhashana esuka eShanghai eya eMedithera akhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-25 aya ku-$5,213 /FEU, akhuphuke ngamaphesenti ayi-166.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushoda kwemishini yezitsha ezingenalutho kanye nemikhawulo yokudonsa imithwalo ePanama Canal nakho kunyuse amazinga okuthutha impahla e-trans-Pacific, akhuphuke cishe ngengxenye yesithathu kusukela ekupheleni kukaDisemba afinyelela cishe ku-$2,800 ngamamitha angu-40 phakathi kwe-Asia neNtshonalanga. Izinga lokuthutha impahla elijwayelekile e-Asia-US East likhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-36 kusukela ngoDisemba lafinyelela cishe ku-$4,200 ngamamitha angu-40.
Izinkampani eziningana zokuthutha zimemezele amazinga amasha okuthutha impahla
Kodwa-ke, lawa manani entengo azobonakala eshibhile emavikini ambalwa ezayo uma amanani entengo yempahla yokuthumela ehlangabezana nokulindelwe. Eminye imigqa yokuthumela ye-Transpacific izokwethula amanani amasha e-FAK, aqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 15. Isikhongozeli esingamamitha angu-40 sizobiza u-$5,000 oGwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States, kanti isikhongozeli esingamamitha angu-40 sizobiza u-$7,000 emachwebeni ase-East Coast naseGulf Coast.
Njengoba ukungezwani kuqhubeka nokukhula oLwandle Olubomvu, uMaersk uxwayise ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka kokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi oLwandle Olubomvu kungaqhubeka izinyanga. Njengenkampani enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iMediterranean Shipping (MSC) imemezele ukwanda kwamanani emithwalo ekupheleni kukaJanuwari kusukela ngomhlaka-15. Imboni ibikezela ukuthi amanani emithwalo e-trans-Pacific angafinyelela phezulu kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2022.
I-Mediterranean Shipping (MSC) imemezele amanani amasha okuthutha impahla engxenyeni yesibili kaJanuwari. Kusukela ngomhlaka-15, izinga lizokhuphuka liye ku-$5,000 emzileni osuka e-US-West, $6,900 emzileni osuka e-US-East, kanye no-$7,300 emzileni osuka eGulf of Mexico.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CMA CGM yaseFrance iphinde yamemezela ukuthi kusukela ngomhlaka-15, izinga lokuthutha lama-container angamamitha angu-20 athunyelwa emachwebeni asentshonalanga yeMedithera lizokhuphuka lifike ku-$3,500, kanti intengo yama-container angamamitha angu-40 izokhuphuka ifike ku-$6,000.
Ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kusasele
Imakethe ilindele ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuphakelwa kuqhubeke. Idatha yokuhlaziywa kweKuehne & Nagel ikhombisa ukuthi kusukela ngomhlaka-12, inani lemikhumbi yeziqukathi edluliselwe emuva ngenxa yesimo soLwandle Olubomvu litholakale lingu-388, kanti umthamo wayo ulinganiselwa ku-5.13 million TEU. Imikhumbi engamashumi amane nanye isivele ifikile echwebeni layo lokuqala ngemuva kokuqondiswa emuva. Ngokusho kwenkampani yokuhlaziya idatha yezokuthutha iProject44, ithrafikhi yemikhumbi yansuku zonke eSuez Canal yehle ngamaphesenti angu-61 yaya kuma-5.8 ajwayelekile kusukela ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwamaHouthi.
Abahlaziyi bemakethe baveze ukuthi ukuhlasela kwe-US ne-UK ezinhlosweni zaseHouthi ngeke kupholise isimo samanje oLwandle Olubomvu, kodwa kuzokwandisa kakhulu ukungezwani kwendawo, okubangela izinkampani zemikhumbi ukuthi zigweme umzila woLwandle Olubomvu isikhathi eside. Ukulungiswa komzila kube nomthelela nasezimweni zokulayisha nokulayisha emachwebeni, kanti izikhathi zokulinda emachwebeni amakhulu aseNingizimu Afrika iDurban neCape Town zifinyelela izinombolo ezimbili.
“Angicabangi ukuthi izinkampani zokuthumela izimpahla zizobuyela emzileni woLwandle Olubomvu maduze nje,” kusho umhlaziyi wemakethe uTamas. “Kubonakala kimi ukuthi ngemva kokuhlasela kwe-US-UK ngokumelene nezinhloso zeHouthi, ukungezwani oLwandle Olubomvu kungase kungagcini nje ngokuma, kodwa kukhule.”
Ephendula ekuhlaselweni kwezindiza zase-US nase-UK ngokumelene namabutho ahlomile aseHouthi eYemen, amazwe amaningi aseMpumalanga Ephakathi aveze ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Abahlaziyi bemakethe bathi kunokungaqiniseki okukhulu ngesimo samanje oLwandle Olubomvu. Kodwa-ke, uma iSaudi Arabia, i-United Arab Emirates kanye nabanye abakhiqizi bakawoyela baseMpumalanga Ephakathi behilelekile esikhathini esizayo, kuzoholela ekushintsheni okukhulu kwamanani kawoyela, futhi umthelela uzoba mkhulu kakhulu.
IBhange Lomhlaba likhiphe isexwayiso esisemthethweni, likhomba ukuqhubeka kwezingxabano zezombusazwe kanye nokwenzeka kokuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwamandla.
Imithombo: Izihloko Zefayibha Yamakhemikhali, Inethiwekhi Yezindwangu Yomhlaba Wonke, Inethiwekhi
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-17-2024