Umnotho uqhubekile nokusimama futhi uthuthuka, kanti ukuhweba ngezimpahla eShayina kuhlale kuqinile ngaphansi kwengcindezi yangaphandle.
Isikhulu esifanele esivela kuMnyango Wezohwebo sisanda kukhomba lapho sichaza “ikhadi lombiko” wezomnotho nokuhweba ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe eShayina kuye kwathuthuka kancane kancane endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi. Inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi okuhweba kwamanye amazwe liye lazivumelanisa nezinguquko futhi lafuna ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Izinqubomgomo ezahlukahlukene zokusiza amabhizinisi ziye zasetshenziswa ngempumelelo, futhi ukuhweba ngezimpahla kufinyelele “ekukhuleni kwenani kanye nekhwalithi ngasikhathi sinye”, okubonisa ukuqina okuyingqayizivele kanye namandla okuhweba kwamanye amazwe eShayina.
Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-General Administration of Customs, ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala zalo nyaka, inani eliphelele lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla eShayina lifinyelele ku-17.94 trillion yuan, likhuphuka ngo-2.5% unyaka nonyaka, okuqhubeka nomkhuba wokukhula. Phakathi kwazo, inani lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe lamabhizinisi azimele lifinyelele ku-10.25 trillion yuan, likhuphuka ngo-7%, elibalelwa ku-57.1% yenani eliphelele lokuhweba kwamanye amazwe laseShayina, okuwukwenyuka kwamaphesenti angu-2.4 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.
UMnyango Wezohwebo uthe esigabeni esilandelayo, lapho ubhekene nesimo sangaphandle esiyinkimbinkimbi nesiguquguqukayo, uzokwandisa ngokungaguquki ukuvulwa kwezinga eliphezulu futhi uphendule ekungaqiniseki kwendawo yangaphandle ngokuqiniseka kwentuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu. Okwamanje, iShayina ibheke phambili ekusebenzeni nabalingani abaningi bezohwebo ukuze kuxazululwe izingozi nezinselele ngokubambisana futhi kukhuthazwe ukubambisana okuzuzayo nokubambisana.
“Okuqukethwe okusha” kanye “nokuqukethwe kwegolide” kokuhweba kwamanye amazwe kuye kwanda njalo
Njengamanje, ngesikhathi sentuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu, umkhumbi omkhulu wezohwebo lwangaphandle waseShayina uyaqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili phakathi kwamagagasi.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, iShayina inamathele esimisweni sokusebenza esijwayelekile sokufuna intuthuko ngenkathi igcina ukuzinza, yasebenzisa ngokugcwele, ngokunembile nangokuphelele ifilosofi entsha yentuthuko, yasheshisa ukwakheka kwephethini entsha yentuthuko, futhi yakhuthaza kancane kancane intuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu. Zonke izinqubomgomo ezikhona nezintsha ziqhubekile nokusebenzisa amandla futhi ziqala ukusebenza. Ukusebenza komnotho kuqalile kancane kancane, umkhuba wentuthuko musha futhi muhle, kanti ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe kuqhubeke ngaphansi kwengcindezi, kufinyelela ukukhula kwesikali kanye nokuthuthuka kwekhwalithi.
Ngokwezibalo zentela, ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala zika-2025, inani eliphelele lokuthengiswa kwezimpahla eShayina ngokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe laliyi-17.94 trillion yuan, likhuphuka ngo-2.5% unyaka nonyaka. NgoMeyi, inani eliphelele lokuthengiswa kwezimpahla eShayina ngokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe lalingu-3.81 trillion yuan, likhuphuka ngo-2.7%.
Isikhulu esifanele esivela kuMnyango Wezohwebo sithe engqungqutheleni yabezindaba evamile ebibanjwe muva nje ukuthi uma sibheka “ikhadi lombiko” wezomnotho nowezohwebo wezinyanga ezinhlanu zokuqala, izici zokuhweba kwamanye amazwe zaseShayina zibonakala kakhulu ezicini ezintathu: “isiyingi sabangane” abahlukahlukene kakhulu, ukuhlanganiswa okusheshayo “kwamandla amasha ashukumisayo”, kanye namandla ezinhlangano zokuhweba kwamanye amazwe.
Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala, izimakethe ezisafufusa zinegalelo ekwenyukeni okukhulu. Ukungeniswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuhlangene kweShayina namazwe akha ngokubambisana iBelt and Road Initiative kukhuphuke ngo-4.2%. Imakethe ikhule ngo-9.1% yaya e-ASEAN kanye no-12.4% yaya e-Afrika, futhi iphethini yemakethe ehlukahlukene yaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ngokombono wabalingani bezohwebo, izinga lokuhwebelana phakathi kweShayina ne-Afrika lifinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu elisha esikhathini esifanayo emlandweni. Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kweShayina emazweni ase-Afrika kufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidigidi ezingama-963.21, okubalwa u-5.4% wenani eliphelele lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kweShayina.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi selokhu kwasungulwa iForum on China-Africa Cooperation ngo-2000, ubudlelwano phakathi kweChina ne-Afrika bufinyelele intuthuko eqavile. Ukubambisana kwezomnotho kanye nokuhweba phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili kuye kwanda ngokuqhubekayo kwaya ezingeni eliphakeme, ukujula okujulile kanye namasimu abanzi. I-China ibilokhu ingumlingani omkhulu wokuhweba e-Afrika iminyaka eyi-16 ilandelana, futhi izinga lokuhweba liye lafinyelela amazinga amasha ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngokusho kwe-China-Africa Trade Index ehlanganiswe yi-Chinese Customs, selokhu kwasungulwa iForum on China-Africa Cooperation ngo-2000, inkomba ikhuphuke ngokushesha isuka enanini eliyisisekelo lamaphuzu ayi-100, yadlula amaphuzu ayi-1,000 ngo-2023 yafinyelela amaphuzu ayi-1,056.53 ngo-2024. Ukwanda okukhulu kwezibalo kuyisibonakaliso esicacile sentuthuko enamandla yokuhweba phakathi kweChina ne-Afrika.
Okwamanje, “okuqukethwe okusha” kanye “nokuqukethwe kwegolide” kokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe kweShayina kuye kwanda njalo, futhi ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nemikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu kuye kwathuthukiswa.
Idatha yentela ikhombisa ukuthi ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yemishini nekagesi eShayina kufinyelele ku-6.4 trillion yuan, okwenyuke ngo-9.3% unyaka nonyaka, okubalwa u-60% wenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwezwe. Phakathi kwazo, imishini yokucubungula idatha ezenzakalelayo kanye nezingxenye zayo kufinyelele ku-575.23 billion yuan, okwenyuka ngo-3.9%. Amasekethe ahlanganisiwe afinyelele ku-526.4 billion yuan, okwenyuka ngo-18.9%. Izimoto zifinyelele ku-351.37 billion yuan, okwenyuka ngo-6.6%. Imishini ejwayelekile ikhuphuke ngo-9.5%, izimoto zikagesi ngo-19%, kanye nemikhumbi ngo-18.9%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhweba kwamanye amazwe njengokugcinwa kwezibopho kubangele ukukhula okusha. UMnyango Wezohwebo uthe usebenzisane neminyango efanele ukukhipha iqoqo lokuqala lezincwadi zemikhiqizo yokugcinwa kwezibopho zezindawo zokuhweba ezikhululekile. Izifunda ezihlangabezana nezimo zingenza ibhizinisi lokugcinwa kwezibopho zemikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu njengezindiza nemikhumbi. Kusukela ngoMeyi, amaphrojekthi okugcinwa kwezibopho angaphezu kuka-280 aseqalisiwe ezweni lonke.
Qhubeka nokuqinisa amandla amakhulu ezinkampani zangaphandle ezizimele
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngentuthuko esheshayo yomnotho wangasese waseShayina kanye nethonya lawo elikhulayo emhlabeni jikelele, amabhizinisi azimele abe yithonya elibalulekile kumabhizinisi aseShayina ukuba “ahambe emhlabeni wonke”.
Idatha yentela ikhombisa ukuthi ezinyangeni ezinhlanu zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamabhizinisi azimele kukhuphuke ngo-7%, okubalwa u-57.1% wesamba sokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, okwenyuke ngamaphesenti angu-2.4 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele ku-6.97 trillion yuan, okwenyuka ngo-8%, okubalwa u-65.4% wenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eShayina. Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele ku-3.28 trillion yuan, okwenyuka ngo-4.9%, okubalwa u-45.1% wesamba sokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe eShayina.
Intatheli ye-Changjiang Business Daily yaphawula ukuthi kusukela ngo-2019, amabhizinisi azimele adlule amabhizinisi axhaswe ngabakwamanye amazwe ukuze abe yibhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke lokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe eShayina. Umnotho wangasese ubambe ingxenye yempahla ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe iminyaka eyisithupha ilandelana.
Ngokombono wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2024, isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka sokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe amabhizinisi azimele eShayina sasingu-11%, kanti isilinganiso sawo kumthamo kazwelonke wokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe sanda kusukela cishe ku-30% saya ngaphezu kuka-50%. Ngo-2024, inani eliphelele lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezimpahla eShayina lafinyelela ku-43,846.8 billion yuan, landa ngo-5.0% unyaka nonyaka. Phakathi kwawo, inani lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamabhizinisi azimele lalingu-24,332.9 billion yuan, landa ngo-8.8% unyaka nonyaka, okubalwa u-55.5% wenani eliphelele lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2024, kuzoba namabhizinisi acishe abe ngu-700,000 asebenza kahle kakhulu ezweni lonke, okubeka irekhodi elisha lenani. Phakathi kwawo, inani lamabhizinisi azimele asebenza kahle kakhulu ekungeniseni nasekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe ladlula ku-600,000 okokuqala, lafinyelela ku-609,000.
Nakuba izinga lokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe lifinyelele ukukhula okusheshayo, ikhwalithi yentuthuko yamabhizinisi azimele nayo ibilokhu ithuthuka njalo. Ngo-2024, okuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe bemikhiqizo engeniswa futhi ithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngamabhizinisi azimele kwaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, okwenza kube ngabangenisi nabathumeli abakhulu bemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eShayina okokuqala. Ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kwanda ngo-12.6%, futhi isabelo sabo senani eliphelele lokungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemikhiqizo efanayo eShayina sakhuphuka saya ku-48.5%.
Kulo nyaka, ngenxa yesimo sangaphandle esiyinkimbinkimbi, amabhizinisi azimele abonise ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okukhulu kanye nezinzuzo zokuncintisana. Aphendule “kokusha”, athuthela “kokusha”, adale imikhiqizo emisha kanye nezinzuzo ezintsha, athuthukise amafomu ebhizinisi amasha kanye namamodeli, alwela ukuhlola izimakethe ezintsha kanye nezindawo ezintsha, futhi andise “okuqukethwe okusha” kokuhweba kwamanye amazwe.
UMbiko Womsebenzi Kahulumeni walo nyaka ugcizelela ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokuqinisa izinqubomgomo zokuzinzisa ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe, ukusekela amabhizinisi ekugcineni ama-oda nokwandisa izimakethe, ukwenza ngcono izinsizakalo zezimali ezifana nokuxhasa ngezimali, ukukhokhela kanye nokushintshaniswa kwemali yangaphandle, ukwandisa ubukhulu kanye nokuhlanganiswa komshuwalense wesikweletu sokuthumela ngaphandle, kanye nokuqinisa ukwesekwa kwamabhizinisi ukuthi ahlanganyele futhi abambe imibukiso kwamanye amazwe. Engqungqutheleni yamabhizinisi azimele ebibanjelwe ekuqaleni konyaka, kwavezwa ukunaka okukhulu endabeni yamabhizinisi azimele ahamba emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi azimele asekele inqubekela phambili eqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokusekela ngezimali kanye nezimali nazo zidlale indima engenakuphikwa futhi ebalulekile kule nqubo.
Ezingeni lendawo, kunikezwa ukwesekwa kokukhula nokwanda kwamabhizinisi azimele okuhweba kwamanye amazwe, futhi izifunda ezahlukahlukene nazo zenza imizamo eqhubekayo. Muva nje, iSichuan yethule uhlelo lokulima lwe-“Hundred Leading Enterprises and Thousand Upgrading Enterprises” lwamabhizinisi okuhweba kwamanye amazwe ngo-2025, luhlose ukuthuthukisa amandla awo okukhulisa imakethe kanye nokumelana nezingozi. I-Zhejiang yethule uhlelo lwe-“Global Trade Belt Export Plan” ukusiza amabhizinisi amaningi okuhweba kwamanye amazwe “ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe komkhiqizo kanye nokuhweba komhlaba wonke”. I-Shandong yethule uhlelo lokukhulisa imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe lwe-“10,000 Enterprises Going Global, Shandong Trade Globally”, ikhonza amabhizinisi ngokugcwele ekwandiseni izimakethe zawo, ikhulisa ama-oda futhi izinzise amasheya awo emakethe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-17-2025