Ukuqina Kwamanzi
Ngokuvamile kuyavunywa ukuthi ubulukhuni bamanzi obungaphansi kwama-50 ppm abunamiphumela emibi, futhi amanzi anobulukhuni obungama-20 ppm abhekwa njengomuhle kakhulu.
Ikhwalithi yamanzi enjalo yanele ukudaya ushizi, kodwa amazinga e-ioni yethusi nensimbi emanzini kumele aqashwe ngokucophelela.
Izinga lokuqina elingaphansi kwama-50 ppm lilungele ukudaya okusabelayo. Isici esibalulekile sisekuqukweni kwama-ion ensimbi, ikakhulukazi ama-ion ensimbi, ashintsha imibala yomthunzi. Kunconywa ukuhlolwa kokuqhuba kwamanzi.
Uma amanzi amdaka ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa esetshenziswa kabusha ukuze afakwe umbala okhanyayo futhi adayiwe, ukudaya okungalingani (izindwangu ezinamabala) kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokudlulisa amanzi ngokweqile. Abasebenzi kufanele babeke phambili ukuqapha ukudluliswa kwamanzi amdaka asetshenzisiwe kanye nokudlulisa umbala okhanyayo. Izinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ezivamile azikwazi ukususa ngempumelelo ama-ion ensimbi aqhuba ukudluliswa kokukhanya okuphezulu; ukwelashwa nge-reverse osmosis membranes kuyimpoqo ukuze kususwe.
Amanzi aqinile ngokweqile aholela ekuqongeleleni kwe-limescale ezindongeni zebhoyila. Ama-ion e-calcium ne-magnesium emanzini aqinile abangela ukuna kwensipho, okuholela ekudayini okungalingani, ukungezwani kahle kwesandla sendwangu, kanye nokuphuzi kwendwangu. Amanzi aqinile aphinde avale ama-enzyme okususa usayizi, anciphise ukuncibilika kwama-ejenti osayizi, futhi abangele ukungahambisani namakhemikhali ekuqedeni ukwakheka.
Izinketho zokwelapha zifaka phakathi ukwengeza i-EDTA noma i-sodium tripolyphosphate ngomthamo ongu-2 g/L. Enye indlela engcono ukuthenga ama-ejenti okuthungatha ama-ion ensimbi akhethekile. Amanzi okudaya angalungiswanga kahle noma izindwangu ezijiyile eziphethe ama-ion ensimbi angokwemvelo zivame ukubangela amaphutha okudaya angalingani. Ngakho-ke, ama-dispersant e-chelating ayengezwa ngesikhathi sokudaya ukuze kulungiswe ukuphazamiseka kwama-ion ensimbi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuwasha.
Kodwa-ke, ama-chelating dispersants afana ne-EDTA (i-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), i-DTPA, i-NTA, ama-phosphate nama-gluconate angasusa ama-ion ensimbi kudayi, ehlise ukushesha kokukhanya futhi abangele ukushintsha kombala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ochwepheshe bemboni batusa ama-polyphosphate kanye nama-polyhydroxycarboxylic acid-based chelating dispersants esikhundleni salokho.
Icala Elisebenzayo
Ifektri okwamanje isebenzisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angalungiswanga (ngaphandle kokuthambisa noma ukuhlunga) ukudaya ushizi kakotini. Ngaphambilini, ungqimba olubonakalayo lwesikali sodaka lwakheka ezingqimbeni zangaphakathi zoboya beshizi obudaywe. Ukuthuthuka okuncane kufezwe ngokufaka umthamo omncane wempuphu yokufiphaza emanzini, kodwa kusekhona amaphutha aqhubekayo: ukuzizwa kwesandla okuqinile, umbala ofiphele nokhanyayo ezingqimbeni zangaphakathi zoboya beshizi. Ukulungiswa kokujikeleza phambili/ukubuyela emuva kanye nezinto ezengeziwe zokuthambisa kuveze ukuthuthuka okuncane kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwembule ukungafani kombala kusuka kungqimba kuya kungqimba okuvela ezinqubweni zangaphambi kokukhuhla, kanye nobunzima bamanzi obulinganiswa cishe ku-130 ppm.
Imbangela
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aqinile kakhulu agcwele ukungcola okuningi angcolisa izingqimba zangaphakathi zamaphakheji kashizi. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu sihilela ukupompa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ukuze abambe amathangi ukuze afakwe inhlabathi, kulandelwe ukuthambisa amanzi kanye nokuhlunga kahle. Le nqubo isusa amaphutha, yize kunezindleko zokutshala imali eziphezulu kusengaphambili.
Ukungcola kanye nama-Microorganism
Amabhati okusebenza e-cationic softener awazinzile emanzini omfula. Agcwala ngamanzi aphilayo ukuze akhe ama-flocculent deposits aphuzi anamathela ezindwangu. Ngemva kokoma nokushisa, la ma-deposits ashiya amabala aphuzi ahlala njalo ezindwangu. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani izinkinga zekhwalithi zikhula kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, lapho amazinga okushisa amanzi evumela ukwanda kwe-algae, kuyilapho amaphutha anjalo engavamile ukuvela ekwindla nasebusika.
Ikhwalithi yamanzi ithinta kakhulu ukuqina kwezindawo zokugeza ezithambile ezixutshwe amanzi kanye nobumhlophe bezindwangu ezithambile eziqediwe. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo zokunyathelisa nokudaya zelulekwa ukuba zisebenzise amanzi acutshungulwe ngokuphelele ekukhiqizeni.
Abanye abakhiqizi basabhekana nezinkinga zamabala aphuzi ngisho noma besebenzisa amanzi ahlungiwe nge-activated carbon, njengoba ama-microorganisms emancane kakhulu futhi awakwazi ukumuncwa noma ukuhlungwa ngokuphelele yi-activated carbon. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa, ama-surfactants e-cationic afakwa emathangini e-sedimentation angaphambi kokuhlunga ukuze afake ama-microorganisms ngaphambi kokuhlunga nge-activated carbon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-activated carbon filters adinga ukuhlanzwa noma ukushintshwa njalo.
Uma izinyathelo ezingenhla zehluleka ukuqeda amaphutha ekhwalithi, izitshalo zelulekwa ukuthi zishintshele kuzithambisi ezingezona i-ionic noma ze-anionic ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-algae, noma zixube izithambisi ezingezona i-ionic namafutha e-silicone ukuze kufezwe umuzwa wesandla.
Amafektri anezinkinga ezinkulu zamabala aphuzi abike ukuthi azikho iziphambeko ezinjalo lapho kufakwa uwoyela we-amino silicone.
Ubusika buphinde bube nezinselele ezindaweni zokunyathelisa nokudaya, njengoba ikhwalithi yamanzi eluhlaza ivame ukwehla phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo.
Inani le-pH
Ngokudaya okusabelayo, ububanzi be-pH obungu-7–9 buveza umehluko wombala wendwangu ohambisanayo, okubonisa umthelela omncane ngaphakathi kwaleli windi. I-trace alkali ayishintshi noma ayibhubhisi amaqembu e-chromophoric ama-molecule edayi asebenzayo.
Ku-pH 8.5, ukuqina kwendwangu kanye nokuqina kokuhlikihla okumanzi kufinyelela ku-Grade 3 kuphela, kwehluleka ukucaciswa kwamakhasimende. Ukuphakama kwe-pH okuqhubekayo kwehlisa ukuqina kombala, okubonisa ukuthi i-alkalinity ephezulu emanzini iphazamisa ukusebenza kokudaya.
Izitshalo zokwelapha amanzi amdaka asetshenziswe kabusha ngokuvamile zidinga i-pH <9 enamandla ukuze ziqhubeke nomsebenzi ojwayelekile wamagciwane ngaphandle kokulimala okubangelwa yi-alkali ezinhlelweni zokwelapha. Indinganiso yamanzi enqubo esetshenziswe kabusha ibeka inani le-pH eliseduze no-7 (umbhalo wokuqala othi “落 85″ ucatshangwa njengohlobo lokubhala lwe-≤8.5).
Usawoti
I-Sodium sulfate yakha usawoti oyinhloko ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela amanzi, ovela emithonjeni emibili:
- Ukwengeza njenge-ejenti yokusheshisa udayi ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokukhathala;
- I-caustic soda kanye nomlotha we-soda okhishwa ngezigaba zokukhuhla, ukufiphaza kanye nokuqinisa, kuncishiswe nge-sulfuric acid ukuze kwakhiwe i-sodium sulfate.
Umkhawulo wosawoti olinganiselwe wezinhlelo zokuvuselela kabusha ngu-924 mg/L, okungaphazamisi ikhwalithi yokudaya indwangu.
Ama-Ion Ensimbi
Ama-ion ensimbi emanzini angaphambi kokwelashwa asheshisa ukubola nokuhlanganiswa kwe-hydrogen peroxide, okwenza kube nezimbobo ezimbotsheni zendwangu.
Ama-ion ensimbi afiphaza izindwangu ezidaywe ngombala futhi abangele amaphutha amachashazi. Ukuze kususwe inkomba: amazinga angaphansi kuka-15 ppm awabangeli zingozi; ama-chelating agents angangezwa emazingeni ensimbi aphakeme kancane.
Ama-ion e-Chloride
Ama-ion e-chloride amsulwa awaphazamisi ukudaya okusabelayo (i-sodium chloride isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-accelerant yedayi). Kodwa-ke, i-chloride iyawadla ama-vat edayi, kuncike ebangeni lokumelana ne-chlorine lezinto zensimbi ze-vat.
Amanzi ompompi aqukethe i-chlorine yamahhala evela ekuhlanzeni nasekugubungeleni. Uma amazinga e-chlorine yamahhala edlula imingcele yomkhawulo, azokonakalisa izinto ezidaya umbala.
Ukucaciswa kolwazi oluqondile nolulindile
- Ulwazi oluqondile: Zonke izinhlaka zobuchwepheshe (umkhawulo wobulukhuni, inkinga yokuqhuba, ububanzi be-pH, umkhawulo kasawoti, izingozi ze-ion), amagama amakhemikhali, amaphutha enqubo, izindlela zokwelapha, ukuhumusha kwezehlakalo zefektri kuqinisekiswa ngokugcwele ngokusekelwe kumagama ajwayelekile embonini yokudaya izindwangu.
- Ulwazi olusalindile: Umbhalo wokuqala othi “pH 值落 85″ uthathwa njengophawu lokubhala oluthi “≤8.5″, ngaphandle kokufinyelela kudokhumenti esemthethweni yekhwalithi yamanzi yefektri ukuqinisekisa inani eliqondile elijwayelekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-29-2026